mechanical working

mechanical parts

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ENGINEERING IN TAMILNADU

Due to the fast growth of engineering and technology in the present era, there is a huge hype on the society, among the school students especially, to become an Engineer. The number of engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu alone has reached closer to 600. Nearly 2 lakh engineers come out of the college every year but with different levels of exposure to education. Only 20% of the fresh engineering graduates can get a decent white collar job with reasonable packages around Rs. 25000 to Rs. 35000 per month. Others can get an entry level job but with lesser pay. This is due to the lack of exposure and inferior quality of education, mostly because of under-equipped engineering colleges. There is a job everyone but only with respect to their to skill set.

 “The approximate job availability in reputed companies is for only 20 out of 60 students in a class room. But the strange truth is less than 10 students per class are eligible in meeting the Industrial requirement.”

The need for the skilled engineering graduates increases every year but the quality of the engineers produced is not upto the mark. There has been a huge gap found always between the fresh engineering graduates and the industrial requirement criteria. 

differential

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States of Matter

difference between strength and stiffness

strength : the ability of a part or element of a structure to resist failure. 
stiffness : the ability to resist deformation.

Mechanics of Materials Lecture 03: Simple structural design

Mechanics of Materials Lecture 03: Simple structural design

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difference between heat and work

Heat	Temperature
Definition	Heat is energy that is transferred from one body to another as the result of a difference in temperature.	Temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of any of several arbitrary scales like Celsius and Fahrenheit.
Symbol	Q	T
Unit	Joules	Kelvin, Celsius or Fahrenheit
SI unit	Joule	Kelvin
Particles	Heat is a measure of how many atoms there are in a substance multiplied by how much energy each atom possesses.	Temperature is related to how fast the atoms within a substance are moving. The ‘temperature’ of an object is like the water level – it determines the direction in which ‘heat’ will flow.
Ability to do work	Heat has the ability to do work.	Temperature can only be used to measure the degree of heat.

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What ails higher education? - The Hindu

What ails higher education?

There is an urgent need to form a movement that fights for reforms in education.

In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2014-15, not a single university from India could make it to the list of top 275 universities in the world and no Indian institute for engineering and technology figures in the list of top 100 universities for that category. Isn’t it shocking for a country that boasts of having more number of engineering institutions and producing more number of engineers than any other country in the world does not have a single world-class university?

Scores of conferences and panel discussions on the theme have been conducted and our policymakers, politicians and experts have aired their views on the higher education scenario. But there is no sign of educational reforms taking place. Our higher education system continues to suffer from many maladies due to which the Indian universities are not in a position to compete with other top universities in the world.

Narrow view of education

Is education all about students attending classes regularly, memorising the content, reproducing it in tests and exams, scoring marks and finally getting degrees and good conduct certificates. This is the system followed in most colleges, including professional institutions, in India. As a result, the system continues to produce graduates who lack the skills employers look for. According to a survey by Wheebox Employability Skills Test (WEST) only 34 per cent of graduates have employability skills. Another survey states that only 19 per cent of engineering and 5 per cent of non-engineering graduates are employable.

Out-dated curricula

Our out-dated curricula glorify and promote exams-and-marks-oriented approach to teaching. Over emphasis on content has replaced teaching with coaching. Our curricula, with the emphasis on content and the neglect of higher-order thinking skills, do not help students become creative and critical thinkers. The fact that our education system has not produced many innovators indicates that most universities have this unwritten vision: Say no to thinking, creativity, research and innovation.

Commercialisation

We have a successful mission of commercialising education. Many institutions of higher education are run by corrupt politicians, uneducated “educationists” and white-collar criminals. By paying a huge amount of money as capitation fee, admissions are secured and degrees are bought. The NIPFP study has identified private education as one of the sources of black money. Will the educational institutions that glorify mediocrity and mint money ever be interested in improving quality or aim to become a top-class institute of higher education?

No merit-based appointments

Appointments to key positions are not based on merit. It is a well-known secret that only politically influential and monetarily strong “academics” can become Vice-Chancellors in many state universities. “Vice-Chancellors’ are appointed at the instance of the political establishment. This must end. If we really want our system to thrive, then the academic world should be left free to its own devices in the hope that you create a future for the country,” Kapil Sibal, former union minister for HRD, said at the inauguration of the vice-chancellor’s conference in New Delhi a few years ago.

Obsession with IT industry

Our engineering colleges are obsessed with the IT industry. In India, it is not uncommon for students who have specialised in biotechnology, aeronautical engineering or mechanical engineering to be placed in IT companies. Even bright students who have excelled in non-IT fields join IT companies and bid goodbye to their areas of specialisations. Recent campus recruitments to IT companies prove this point. Is it not an unhealthy trend? Can the colleges which are obsessed with placing their students in IT companies excel in other fields?

Qualified but unproductive

Over emphasis on academic qualifications by the University Grants Commission (UGC) has resulted in a number of university teachers registering for Ph.D. programmes. It is not passion for research but passion for climbing up the career ladder in the form of promotion that motivates teachers to register for Ph.D. As a result, the quality of most PhD research is sub-standard and our Indian universities have highly qualified but highly unproductive academics.

No tie-ups

Effective university-industry collaboration paves the way for innovation. Ties with world-class universities can open the gates of opportunities for students, scholars and academics to collaborate with the scholars of the foreign universities in various research projects. Most of our universities are neither ready nor willing to have such collaborations as they are required to be transparent and committed to quality.

Lack of intellectual courage

A good educational institution is a body of progressive teachers and thinking students. One can become a progressive academic if she or he has intellectual courage. As the products of the system that encourage teachers to possess ‘intellectual cowardice’ in order to survive or to climb the ladder of success in their careers, many teachers do not even consider ‘intellectual courage’ their right; they don’t even want to think that it is their right to question the system.

The urgent need today is that we need reforms in education. We need to form a movement that fights for reforms in education. Who is going to start the movement? Who are going to be the active members and followers of the movement? Do our “educationists” have intellectual courage to challenge the system? Do they have intellectual courage to call a spade a spade?

Albert P’Rayan is an academic, columnist, and freelance writer. He can be contacted at rayanal@yahoo.co.uk

Keywords: higher education, Albert P’Rayan - The Hindu

AO #6: Analog and Digital Differences

DC-Motors

why cylinders are cylindrical shaped?

Because shapes with circular cross-section resist internal pressure better than any other shape. 

Spheres/cylinders are ideal for converting internal pressure into hoop stress -- they naturally keep their shape when subjected to radial force from pressure. All internal wall stresses are pure radial compression and pure hoop tension. There is no shear component.

Other shapes create bending stresses and deform under pressure. So cylinders are the obvious solution when you need a piston to be pushed by pressure.

But not all internal combustion engines use cylindrical pistons! Wankelengines use an oval and a Reuleaux triangle (or very similar shape anyway) to produce a rotating motion in a non-cylinder shape:

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LATHE SETUP

LATHE SETUP

Gear and Wheels Part 1

Gear and Wheels Part 1

How To Use A Lathe

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Infomachinery:

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DIFFERENTIAL

#copied from Automobiles and Engines  DIFFERENTIAL :-

In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, a differential couples the input shaft (or prop shaft) to the Pinion, which in turn runs on the Crown wheel of the diff. This also works as reduction gearing to give the ratio. On rear wheel drive vehicles the diff may connect to half-shafts inside an axle casing or drive shafts that connect to the rear driving wheels. Front wheel drive vehicles tend to have the pinion on the end of the main-shaft of the gearbox and the diff is enclosed in the same casing as the gearbox. They have individual drive-shafts to each wheel. Older 4x4 vehicles and tractors usually have a solid front axle, the modern way can be a separate diff and driveshaft arrangement for the front. The differential gearing allows the outer drive wheel to rotate faster than the inner drive wheel during a turn. This is necessary when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is travelling around the outside of the turning curve roll farther and faster than the other. Average of the rotational speed of the two driving wheel equals the input rotational speed of the drive shaft. An increase in the speed of one wheel is balanced by a decrease in the speed of the other.

A differential consists of one input, the drive shaft, and two outputs which are the two drive wheels, however the rotation of the drive wheels are coupled by their connection to the roadway. Under normal conditions, with small tyre slip, the ratio of the speeds of the two driving wheels is defined by the ratio of the radii of the paths around which the two wheels are rolling, which in turn is determined by the track-width of the vehicle (the distance between the driving wheels) and the radius of the turn.

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Useful Websites to find International Scholarships / Positions (All-Levels)

copied fromAbdul Wasy Zia‎Professors & Researchers of Mechanical Engineering from fb, List of the Most Useful Websites to find International Scholarships / Positions (All-Levels)
1) To search for a scholarship (undergrad., MS, PhD) or a position (researcher, post-doc., administration) with respect to a specific research topic in a field, and in your country of interest.
http://scholarshipdb.net/
(This is the most useful encyclopedia as per my knowledge and experience. You may also subscribe to this website for a periodic e-mail information on your field of interest.)
2) To search for a scholarship country wise at all levels of study (Government or university funded)
http://researchpedia.info/scholarships/
(This website is still under process of improvement)
3) European scholarships/fellowships and grants (Official Web of Europe)
http://ec.europa.eu/euraxess/index.cfm/jobs/index
4) Big Database about Jobs and Academic around the Globe
http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/science/
5) To find an opportunity at any level of study, in any subject, and in a given country
http://scholarship-positions.com/
6) Another link to find an opportunity at any level of study, in any subject, and in a given country
http://www.scholarships-links.com/
7) For Post-Doctoral Positions (only)
http://www.postdocjobs.com/jobseekers/
8) You may also like some of the most informative pages on facebook, named, "Scholarship Network",“International Scholarship Universe", and "Scholarization".
9) SAATFASE Yahoo Group (Very good source of Scholarships)
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/SAATFASE/info
10) Pakgrid Yahoo Group
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/pakgrid/info
11) Scholarship for Pakistani Students (SPS)
https://www.facebook.com/groups/sps.pak/
12) Pk Students
http://www.pkstudents.com/
13) DAAD Schoalrship facebook page (very useful)
https://www.facebook.com/daad.pakistan
14) PhD in France
http://www.phdinfrance.net/
15) A good website to search for PhD and Research Positions
http://inomics.com/economics/jobs
16) For people related to animal stock or Veterinary sciences
http://ilri.simplicant.com/
17) Opportunities in Germany
https://www.facebook.com/Research.in.Germany
http://www.research-in-germany.de/dachportal/en.html
18) One of good search engines to find grants for MS and PhD in France and also in other places
http://www.campusfrance.org/…/campusbourses-grant-search-en…
19)Jobs, PhD Positions in Austria in Biology field
Translate it with translator
http://www.fwf.ac.at/asp/jobs.asp?L=D
20)Jobs, PhD positions Database in Germany
http://listserv.uni-heidelberg.de/science-jobs-…/sjd-e.html7
21)Another database to search positions in Europe
http://www.eurosciencejobs.com/
22) A good website for searching PhD positions in Netherlands specially
https://www.academictransfer.com/
23) Chinese Universities Scholarships for MS and PhD
They announce new scholarships on this website. So keep checking this website always
http://www.csc.edu.cn/laihua/ScholarshipEn.aspx
24) People who want to study in Netherlands and want to search for grants for MS, PhD or BSthen do use this tool effectively
http://www.studyinholland.nl/scholarships/grantfinder
25) Groups Related to Research Papers, Books and Articles
(i)https://www.facebook.com/groups/freeliterature/?fref=nf
(ii)https://www.facebook.com/groups/paperreqest/
(iii)https://www.facebook.com/groups/jawadcemb/
(iv)www.sci-hub.org
26) How to apply for Max Plank PhD positions, very useful video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2yDs5FHDok
27) A search engine to search for Scholarships in Australia
http://www.jason.edu.au/
28)MARIe Curie As you all know that Erasmus Mundus Joint doctorates have been finished. A few programs will keep on continuing giving grants for few more years. But now the doctorate grants will be offered by Marie curie. So save this page and keep on checking both tabs on page "Job Vacancies" and "Fellowship Programs"
http://ec.europa.eu/…/m…/apply-now/jobs-for-you/index_en.htm
29) People save this website for PhD and Lecturers Positions and check them
http://academicpositions.eu/?s
30)For people on Twitter,they can use and update at any time, the‪#‎scholarship‬ in search to find scholarships posted
https://twitter.com/hashtag/SCHOLARSHIP
31) For jobs and PhD psoitions in UK
www.jobs.ac.uk
32)PhD positions
www.findaphd.com
33) Find Scholarships and Study grants in Europe
http://www.scholarshipportal.eu/
Related Portals:
http://www.studyportals.eu/
http://www.bachelorsportal.eu/
http://www.mastersportal.eu/
http://www.phdportal.eu/
34) Foreign Funded Scholarships HEC
http://www.hec.gov.pk/…/ForeignDonorFund…/Pages/NEWPAGE.aspx
35)Did you know that you can search close to 150 scholarships on our website, specifically for International Students at New Zealand? Pop over and take a look at
www.studyinnewzealand.com/scholarships
36)Another scholarship website for interested people.
http://news.scholarshiparena.com/
38) PhD Positions
http://www.universitypositions.eu/
39) PhD, Lectureres, Scientists Jobs, Europe
http://www.eurosciencejobs.com/
40) PhD funding
http://phdproject.ning.com/
41) Careers and research positions in UK
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/
42) MS, PhD search
http://www.newscientiststudy.com/
43)Postgraduate positions search
http://www.postgraduatesearch.com/
44) Scholarships database
http://www.scholarshipstimes.com/
45) Postgraduate studentships in UK
http://www.postgraduatestudentships.co.uk/